The Quran Asks: 16-79
Many believe that Islam was spread by sword; the readers’ attention is drawn to the following Verses from The Holy Quran, which are mostly misused by them to defame Islam:
And fight in the way of Allah those who fight with you, but do not exceed the limits, Allah certainly does not like those who exceed the limits. And kill them wherever you find them and drive them out from the place from where they drove you out, for persecution is severer than slaughter, but do not fight with them near the Sacred Mosque (Kaaba) till they fight with you therein, but if they fight with you then slay them, such is the reward of the infidels. But if they desist, then Allah is certainly Protectively Forgiving, Merciful. And fight with them till there is no persecution, and religion becomes (exclusively) for Allah, but if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against the unjust. The sacred month for the sacred month and sacred things in retaliation, so whoever exceeds the limits against you then you (too) exceed the limits against him in a manner similar to his exceeding the limits against you, and fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who guard (against evil). And spend in the way of Allah, and do not make your own hands (responsible) for (your) destruction, and do good, Allah certainly loves the doers of good. (Chapter 2: Verse 190-195)
Commentary:
Orders are given to fight with the polytheists of Makkah who had forced the Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia and Madina, incase they initiated fighting with them. This fighting was to be only in the cause of Allah (SWT) without exceeding the limits (probably by not killing women, children and the aged). The polytheists of Makkah were to be killed wherever they were found because earlier they had tortured the Muslims at Makkah and forced them to migrate. The polytheists were to be driven out of Makkah as they had driven out the Muslims from Makkah because persecution is severer than slaughter. Fighting is prohibited in the Sacred Mosque till the enemy initiates it but if the enemy desists from fighting there, then Allah (SWT) is protectively Forgiving and Merciful. Muslims were ordered to fight with the polytheists of Makkah till there was no persecution and religion was established to serve and worship only Allah (SWT) i.e. till Islam had prevailed. If the enemy had desisted then there was to be no hostility except against the unjust. Fighting was prohibited during four months Zul Qaad, Zul Hajj, Muharram and Rajab considered sacred. But if the enemy had violated the sanctity of sacred things Muslims were permitted to fight even in these months. The simple rule was laid down that if the enemy exceeded the limits against you then you too exceed the limits against them in a similar manner. Muslims are ordered to fear Allah (SWT) because He is with those who keep away from sin fearing Him and He does not like those who exceed the limits. Battles and wars involve expenditure therefore Muslims are ordered to spend in the cause of Allah which is a good act, and not to destroy themselves by not spending. Allah (SWT) loves the doers of good.
Based on the above it is clear that the above verses are only talking about a local event in Makkah during the time of the Prophet SAWS. It is also important to point out that although an instruction to fight is given but it is not an open instruction meaning “All is NOT fair in Love and War” as the Muslims were instructed by Allah NOT to Exceed the limits as Allah does not like those who Exceed the Limits.
The Holy Quran in another verse makes it explicitly clear that:
Allah does not forbid you, with regard to those who do not fight with you on account of (your) religion nor drive you out of your houses, (from) being kind to them and dealing justly with them, Allah certainly loves those who are just. (Chapter 60: Verse 8)
What started as self defence for the newly formed Islamic State in the time of the Prophet Muhammed SAWS always remained that way, and whenever a threat was foreseen Muslims went out to fight to defend themselves, always with the intention of calling people to the way of Allah SWT. This is particularly proven from the following quote:
“The battles fought by Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him), are characteristic of the man, conspicuous, head and shoulders above many others, past or present. He had fought the enemy, often three times, and on some occasions even twelve and more times, the number he could himself deploy, and he was practically always victorious. Again, his “empire”, which commenced with some of the streets of a small City-State, – for not all the town rallied to him at first – expanded at the average rate of over 830 kilometres daily; and after ten years of political activity, when he breathed his last, he was ruling over some three million square kilometres.
This area, as big as Europe minus Russia, and inhabited certainly by millions of people at that time, was conquered at a cost of less than 250 men killed on the battlefields on the enemy side. Loss of Muslims was at the rate of one martyr a month for a period of ten years at an average. This respect of human blood is unequalled in the annals of man.” (Source: The Battlefields of the Prophet Muhammad Peace by upon Him, by Dr. Hamidullah, Muhammad, pages 2-3, Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi)
Strangely Prophet Muhammad SAWS pardoned all his enemies from Makkah on the day of the conquest of Makkah, the very people who subjected Muslims to Torture and drove him out of his beloved city he was conquering six years after the permission given to fight and the first battle of Badr in this month of Ramadan.
Bilal ibn Ribah, a former Ethiopian slave, shouted out loud to the people of Makkah that they were all safe: “All those who lay down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan (Leader of Makkah at the time of the conquest) are safe. All those behind closed doors are safe.” (http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad)
Yusuf Estes (A revert to Islam and now a Daa’ee) rightly said, “If Islam was spread by Sword then the Quran must be full of the word “Sword”. In Arabic Language there are 12-15 different words used for Sword but it is strange to note that the number of times any of these Arabic words mentioned in the Quran are Zero.
We now leave the conclusion of this article to the Readers. Please Read & Reflect…
The Arabic word hadeeth basically means ‘an item of news, conversation, a tale, a story or a report,’ whether historical or legendary, true or false, relating to the present or the past. Its secondary meaning as an adjective is ‘new’ as opposed to qadeem, ‘old’. However, like other Arabic words (e.g. salaah, zakaah), its meaning changed in Islaam. From the time of the Prophet (r), his stories and communications dominated all other forms of communication. Consequently, the term hadeeth began to be used almost exclusively for reports that spoke of his actions and sayings. [1]
The term Hadith covers not only the sayings of the Holy Prophet, but also his actions as well as what he tolerated among his companions. By toleration we mean the seeing by the Prophet of a thing being done by a companion of his and keeping silent over the deed or even explicitly approving it. Each of these three categories finds a place in the books of Hadith. [2]
References:
1- Usool Al Hadith, Dr. Abu Ameena Bilal Philips
2- An Introduction to the Conservation of Hadith, Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, Islamic Book Trust 2003, Page 19
Iss Article mein sab se pehle to ek introduction hai rozon ke bare mein, hum Ramazan ke mutaliq pehle Quran ki ayaat ko padhenge aur phir Ahadeeth ka mutala’a karenge, pehli ayat shuru ho rahi hai aur iss mein rozon ka purpose bataya ja raha hai, Surah Baqara ki 183 ayat se baat shuru ho rahi hai
183) Aye woh logo jo iman laye ho, tum per rozay farz kiye gaye hain jaisa ke tum se pehle logon per farz kiye gaye the, taake tum taqwa ikhtiyar karo, taake tum bacho.
184) Gine chune din hain, so tum mein se agar koi beemar ho ya safar per ho to usay chahiye ke jitne din miss huwe hain woh ramazan ke baad poora kare, aur agar kisi ko (roza rakhna) mein takleef hoti hai to woh uss ke compensation mein gharibon ko khana khilaye, aur jo khushi se khair kare to uss ke liye bhalai hai, aur agar tum roza rakh lo to yeh behtar hai tumhare liye agar tum jaante ho.
185) Ramazan ka maheena hai jiss mein quran nazil huwa, insaanon ki hidayat ke liye, aur phir yeh hidayat ko khol khol ker samjhata bhi hai, aur sahih aur ghalat mein farq batata hai, to jo iss mahine mein maujood ho uss per roza rakhna farz hai, aur agar koi mareez hai ya safar per hai to jitne din miss hote hain utne din baad mein poora kerle, Allah SWT tum per aasani kerne ka irada rakhta hai aur tum ko mushkil mein daal ne ka irada nahin rakhta, (ye concession tumhe iss liye diya ja raha hai) taake tum rozon ki tedaad poori karo aur taake tum Allah SWT ki badai karo kyun ke uss ne tum ko hidayat di hai aur taake tum uss ka shukr karo.
186) Aur mere ghulam (yani insan) mere bare mein poochte hai to aap SAWS kahdijiye ke main kareeb hoon, Jab dua karne wala dua karta hai to main uss dua ka jawab deta hoon, dua khubool kerta hoon, To tum bhi mera jawab do, aur iss tareekhe se mujh se aman mein aa jao, taake tum sahih raste ki taraf jao.
187) Ramazan ki raaton mein tum per halal kiya jaata hai apni biwiyon ke paas jaana, Tum unke liye libaas ho aur wo tumhare liye libas hain. Allah SWT jaanta hai ke tum apne aap se qiyanat ker rahe the, raaton mein chori chhupi apni biwiyon se mill rahe the, to Allah SWT ne apni rahmat se tumahari taraf nazar ki aur tum ko maaf kiya, tumhare gunahon ko mita diya. To ab tum apni biwiyon se mila karo, aur talaash karo jo Allah (SWT) ne tumhare liye likh diya hai, Aur khao aur piyo jab tak ke fajar ki safade dhari raat ki kaali dhaari se numaya ho jaye, saaf ho jaye, Aur apne rozay ko poora karo raat tak. Aur apni biwiyon se mat mila karo jab tum etikaaf ki halat mein ho masajid mein. Yeh Allah SWT ki hudood hain inn ke kareeb bhi matt jao, Issi tarah se Allah SWT apni ayatein khol khol ker bayan kerta hai insaanon ke liye take woh ahtiyaat karein.
Ab kuch ahadees Ramazan se mutaliq hain:
General:
Bukhari aur Muslim ki hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, ke Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “chand dekho to roza rakhna shuru karo (yani Ramazan ki shuruwat karo) aur chand dekh ker roza chhod do, aur agar aasmaan saaf nahi hai, abar aalood hai to mahina 30 ka karlo.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Ibn e Abbas RA se riwayat hai ke, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Ramazan Shuru hone se pehle roza matt rakho. Chand ko dekh kar Ramazan ke roze shuru karo aur chand ko dekh kar Ramazan ke roze chhod do, aur agar asman abar aalood hai to mahine ki ginti 30 din ki karlo” iss hadees se pata chalta hai ke, Ramazan ki tayyari mein, Ramazan shuru hone se kuch pehle roze rakhne ki ijazat nahi hai.
Abu Daud ki hadees hai, Ibn e Umar RA se riwayat hai, ke logon ne chand dekhne ki koshish ki, aur Ibn e Umar ne Rasoolullah SAWS ko khabar di ke unhone chand dekha hai, to Rasoolullah SAWS ne doosre din roza rakha aur logon ko roza rakhne ka hukum diya.
Abu Daud, Nasai, Tirmizi, Ibn e Majah aur Ahmad ki Hadees hai, jisse Ibn e Khuzaimah ne bhi report kiya hai, Ibn e Abbas RA se riwayat hai, “Ek Baddoo Rasoolullah SAWS ke paas aya aur kaha ke main ne Ramazan ka chand dekha hoon”, Rasoolullah SAWS ne uss se poocha ke ‘kya tum gawahi dete ho ke Allah ek hai aur uss ke siway koi aur ilaha nahi hai’, to uss baddoo ne kaha ke ‘Haan’, Phir Rasoolullah SAWS ne poocha ke, “Kya tum gawahi dete ho ke main, Muhammad SAWS Allah ka Rasool hoon”, to uss baddoo ne kaha ke ‘Haan’, phir Rasoolullah SAWS ne Bilal RA ko hukum diya ke logon mein announce kar do ke kal se Ramazan shuru hai. Inn do ahadees se pata chalta hai ke Ramazan shuru hone ke liye, chand dekhne wala ek gawah kaafi hai, lekin Eid ka chand dekhne wale do gawah chahiye.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Talha bin Ubaidullah RA se riwayat hai, ke jab kabhi bhi Rasoolullah SAWS naya chand dekhte to yeh dua karte ke, “Allahumma ahillahu alaina bil amni wal iman, was salamati wal islam, rabbi wa rabbuk Allah, Hilalu rushdin was khairin’, Aye Allah iss naye chand ko hamare liye aman aur iman ke saath bejiye, salamati aur islam ke saath, Aye Chand tera aur mera rabb Allah hai, Ye naya chand hidayat aur khair ka sabab bane.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Anas RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya, “Sahar khaya karo, beshak iss mein barakat hai”
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Zaid bin Thabit RA se riwayat hai, unho ne kaha ke hum Rasoolullah SAWS ke saath sahar kiya aur phir fajr ki namaz ke liye khade ho gaye. Kisi ne poocha ke, sahar aur fajr mein kitna time tha, to Aap SAWS ne farmaya ke 50 ayatein tilawat karne mein jitna time lagta hai. – Iss Hadees se pata chalta hai ke, sahar der tak karna chahiye, fajr ke bilkul kareeb tak.
Muslim ki Hadees hai, Amr bin Al Aas RA se riwayat hai, Farmaya Rasoolullah SAWS ne ke, “Hum musalmanon ke roze mein aur Ahle Kitab ke roze mein sahar ka farq hai”
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Sahl bin Sad RA se riwayat hai, Farmaya Rasoolullah SAWS ne ke, “Log Acchai per jab tak rahenge, jab tak ke wo roza kholne mein jaldi karein”, yani agar waqt ho gaya hai to fauran khol lena chahiye, der nahi karni chahiye.
Muslim ki Hadees hai, Abu Atiyyah RA se riwayat hai, Masruq aur main Aishah RA ke paas gaye, aur kaha ke “Aye Ummul Momineen, Rasoolullah SAWS ke do sahabi hain, aur dono mein se koi achai karne mein peeche nahi rehta, lekin ek hai jo roza kholne mein jaldi karta hai aur maghrib ki namaz ke liye bhi jaldi karta hai, aur doosre taakheer karte hain dono cheezon mein, to Aisha RA ne poocha ke wo kaun hai jo roza kholne mein aur maghrib mein jaldi karta hai, to inho ne kaha ke Abdullah ibn Masood, to Aisha RA ne farmaya ke Rasoolullah SAWS aisa hi kiya karte the.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Allah SWT Farmata hai ke, “Mere ghulamon mein, mujh se sab mein zyada qareeb wo hai jo roza kholne mein jaldi kare”
Abu Dawood ki hadees hai, Salman bin Amir RA se riwayat hai, main ne Rasoolullah SAWS ko kehte suna ke, “Jab tum roza kholna chaho to, Khajoor se kholo, aur agar Khajoor na ho to pani se kholo kyun ke wo paak hai.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Anas RA se riwayat hai ke, Rasoolullah SAWS apna roza Maghrib se pehle kholte 3 taza khajooron ke saath, aur agar taza khajoor na ho to 3 sookhe khajoor ke saath kholte aur agar wo bhi na ho to 3 ghoont pani se khol lete.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Abu Huraira RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya, “Agar koi bhoole se kuch kha ya pi le, to wo apna roza poora karle, kyun ke Allah ne usse khilaya ya pilaya hai.
Abu Dawood aur Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Laqit bin Sabirah RA se riwayat hai ke, main ne rasoolullah SAWS se darkhaast ki ke mujhe wazu ke bare mein bataiyye, to Aap SAWS ne farmaya, “Wazu karo to acha karo (yani apne wazu ke aza jaise muh, haath, aur pair ko achi tarah se dhona), apne pairon ko achi tarah dho aur naak mein paani ooper tak kheencho, siway roze ki halat mein.
Yani naak mein paani aam taur per ooper tak kheenchna chahiye, siway roze ki halat mein warna roza toot jayega.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA aur Umm Salamah RA se riwayat hai ke, Ramazan mein Rasoolullah SAWS agar janabat ki halat (yani apni biwi se milne ke baad hote) agar utth te to aap SAWS fajr se pehle ghusl kar lete.
Iss3 ahadees se pata chalta hai ke, aap SAWS janabat ki halat mein sahar karte aur fajr se pehle ghusl karte the.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Zaid bin Khalid Al Juhani RA se riwayat hai, Farmaya Rasoolullah SAWS ne ke, “Jiss kisi ne rozadaar ko roza khulwaya, uss ko bhi utna hi sawab milega jitna ke uss roza daar ko roza rakhne ki wajah se mill raha hai, aur uss roza daar ke ajar mien kami nahi hogi.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Umm Umarah Al Ansariyah RA se riwayat hai ke, ek waqt Rasoolullah SAWS mere ghar aye aur maine aap SAWS ko khana pesh kiya, Aap SAWS ne mujhe bhi khane ko kaha, maine jawab diya ke main nafl roza hoon, to aap SAWS ne farmaya, “Jab koi shaks jo roza rakhte huwe kisi ko khana khilayega, to farishte uss ki maghfirat ki dua karte rahte hain, jab tak ke wo khane3] wala, khana khatam na ker le.
Rozon ki fazilat ke baare mein kuch ahadees hain:
Bukhari aur Muslim ki ye hadees e qudsi hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai ke, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke Allah SWT farmata hai ke, “Ibn e adam ka har amal uss ke liye hai, siway roze ke, jo ke khaas mere liye hai, aur iss ka ajr sirf main doonga”. Roza ek dhaal hai, aur jab tum mein se koi roza rakhta hai, to wo ghalat ya buri baaton mein na mashghool ho aur na apni awaz oonchi kare, aur agar koi jhagda karna chahta hai ya usse gaali deta hai, to wo usse kahe ke main roza hoon. Qasm uss ki jiss ke haath mein Muhammad SAWS ki jaan hai, roze daar ke mooh ki booh Allah ke nazdeek musk se bhi zyada khushbooh daar hai. Aur roza daar ke liye do khushiyan hain, ek to usse khushi hoti hai jab wo roza kholta hai aur doosre wo uss din khush hoga jab wo apne rab (yani Allah SWT) se milega.
Muslim ki ek Hadees mein Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Har neki ka sawab 10 – 700 gunah tak hai, lekin Allah SWT farmata 3hai ke, ‘Roze ka sawab doosre nekiyon se hatt ker hai, roza mere liye hai to uss ka ajar main hi doonga. Roza daar khana aur pani se parhez karta hai sirf mere liye. Roza daar ko do mauqon per khushi hoti hai, ek to roza kholte waqt aur doosre jab wo apne rab se milega. Beshak roza daar ke mooh ki booh Allah SWT ke paas musk ki khushbooh se zyada khushboohdaar hai.
Muslim ki ek aur hadees jo, Sahl bin Saad se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Jannat ke darwazon mein ek darwaza hai, jiss ka naam “Raiyan” hai, jiss se sirf roza daar daakhil honge Qiyamat ke din. Aur koi iss darwaze se daakhil nahi ho sakega. Uss din pukara jayega, roza daar kahan hai, to saare roza daar utth khade honge aur uss ki taraf jayenge. Aur jab aakhri rozadaar dakhil ho jayega, to wo darwaza band ho jayega, aur koi phir uss darwaze se dakhil nahi ho sakega.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki hadees hai, Abu Said Al Khudri RA se riwayat hai, ke Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya, “Jo koi roza rakhta hai, poore din ka, sirf Allah ki khatir, to Allah SWT Qiyamat ke din uss ke chehre ko dozak se 70 saal ke fasle per kardega.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki ek aur hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, ke Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Jo koi Ramazan ke poore roze rakhta hai, iman ke saath aur Allah se ajar haasil karne ke liye, uss ke saare pichle gunah maaf kar diye jaate hain.”
Bukhari aur Muslim ki ek aur hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, ke Raoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Jab Ramazan shuru hota hai to Jannat ke darwaze khol diye jaate hain, Dozak ke darwaze bandh kar diye jaate hain, aur Shayateen ko bandh diya jata hai.”
Tarawih:
Bukhari aur Muslim ki hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, jiss kisi ne qiyamul lail kiya sara ramazan (yani tarawih, waghairah padhi) iman ke saath aur sawab hasil karne ki niyat se to uss ke saare pichle gunah maaf ho jayenge.
Muslim ki Hadees hai, Abu Hurairah RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ramazan ke mahine mein logon ko qiyamul lail ki targheeb karte the (yani tarawih, waghairah) padhne ki targheeb karte the, Aap SAWS ne iss ka hukum nahi diya taake ye logon per farz na ho jaye. Aap SAWS ne farmaya ke, jiss kisi ne qiyamul lail kiya sara ramazan (yani tarawih, waghairah padhi) iman ke saath aur sawab hasil karne ki niyat se to uss ke saare pichle gunah maaf ho jayenge.
Tarawih mein bahut ikhtelaaf hai, jaisa ke tarawih 8 rakat hai ya 20 rakat, guzarish hai ke ikhtelaafaat mein na padhein, Ibaadat ka mahina hai to sirf ibaadat karein. Ek baat yaad rakhein ke Dono Haramain (Masjid e Haram Makka mein, aur Masjid e Nabawi Madina mein) jo Ahadeeth ka gadh mana jaata hai, wahan per 20 rakat tarawih ki namaz hoti hai.
Jo bhi padhna hai, tarawih zaroor padhein, ibaadat ka iss se acha mauqa nahi milega, next Ramadan humein milega ya nahi, humein pata nahi.
Lailatul Qadr: (Surah Al Qadr: 97:1-5)
Sab se pehle Lailatul Qadr ya Shab e Qadr kya hai, Quran se samajhne ki koshish karenge, phir iss per ahadees dekhenge:
1. Yaqeenan humne iss (Quran) ko Shab e Qadr mein nazil kiya.
2. Tum kya samjhoge ke shab e Qadr kya hai.
3. Shab e Qadr, ek Hazar mahinon se bhi zyada behtar hai
4. Iss mein farishte aur Rooh (yani jibraeel ameen) nazil hote hain (har kaam ya har affair) ke liye program leker.
5. ye raat mein salamti hoti hai, fajr ke shuru tak.
(Surah Ad Dukhan: 44:3-6)
3. Yaqeenan humne iss (Quran) ko ba barakat raat mein utara hai, beshak hum chaukanna karne wale.
4. har amr (yani har ek affair) jo ke mustahkam ho, jo danai per based ho, uss ka faisla kar diya jaata hai
5. hamare paas se hukum ho ker, Hum hi hain iss ke bhejne wale
6. Aap ke rab (yani paalne wale malik) ki taraf se ye rehmat hai, wohi hai sunne wala aur jaanne wala.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Abu Huraira RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya, jo koi Shab e Qadr mein Qiyam karega, iman ke saath aur Allah se sawab hasil karne ki umeed mein, uss ke sare pichle gunah maaf kar diye jayenge. Yahan qiyam ka matlab apni istetaat ke hisab se ibadaat karna hai3.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Ibne Umar RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS ke kuch sahaba ne Shab e Qadr ko khwab mein dekha, ramazan ki aakhri 7 raaton mein, iss per Rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya ke, “Main dekhta hoon ke tum logon ke saare khwab ramazan ki aakhri 7 raaton per ittefaaq karte hain to, jo koi Shab e Qadr ko talash karna chahta hai wo inn 7 raaton mein talash kare.
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS apne aap ko ramazan ke aakhri ashre mein logon se alag kar lete, Aap SAWS Shab e Qadr ko talash karte, inn aakhri 10 raaton mein.
Bukhari ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA se riwayat hai, Rasoolullah SAWS itikaaf kerte ramazan ke aakhri ashare mein, aur Shab e Qadr ko talash karte, odd raaton mein (yani 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th aur 29th raaton ko)
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA se riwayat hai, Jab ramazan ke aakhri 10 din aate to Rasoolullah SAWS raaton ko Qiyam karte, apne ghar walon ko bhi Qiyam karwate aur ibadaat per khaas tawajjoh dete.
Tirmizi ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA se riwayat hai, main ne rasoolullah SAWS se poocha ke agar mujhe shab e qadr mill jaye to main kya dua karoon, to rasoolullah SAWS ne farmaya, “Allahumma innaka afuwwun, tuhibbul afwa, fa’fu anni”, “Aye Allah beshak aap bahut zyada maaf karne wale hain aur maafi ko pasand karte hain, so mere gunahon ko mitta di jiye”.
Itikaaf:
Bukhari aur Muslim ki Hadees hai, Aisha RA se riwayat hai ke, Rasoolullah SAWS Ramazan ke aakhri 10 raaton ko masjid mein itikaaf karte rahe jab tak wo iss duniya se rukhsat na ho gaye, aur aap SAWS ke baad unki biwiyon ne ye jaari rakha.
Bukhari ki Hadees hai, Abu Huraira RA se riwayat hai ke, Rasoolullah SAWS har saal itikaf karte ramazan ke aakhri 10 dinon mein, aur jiss saal aap SAWS ka iteqaal huwa aap ne 20 din itikaaf kiya.
To ye tha ek mukhtasar bayan ramazan per aur uss ki fazeelat per, Allah SWT se dua hai ke wo humein
– iss maahe ramazan ka bhar poor faida utthaane wala banaye, aur
– hamari mehnaton ko jo quran ke liye ho rahi hai uss mein barakat de aur
– quran ko samajhne wala banaye, uss ki arabi aur grammer samjha de taakay quran ko arabi mein hum samajhne waale bane, aur
– uss per waise hi amal karne wala banaye jaisa ke rasoolullah SAWS ne humein amal karke dikhaya hai, aur
– humari ibadaat ko qubul kare aur humein shabe qadr naseeb farmaaye
– wa aakhiruddawana anil humdu lillahi rabbil aalameen.
The word used in the Quran for Iron is “Hadeed” about which it is stated: … and We sent down the Iron (Hadeed) in which is severe strength and other benefits for mankind…(57:25)
…وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ…
The energy required to synthesize iron is not available on earth, therefore, the iron in the earth must have been synthesized in outer space. In view of this, the word “Anzala” meaning sent down not only shows that the iron present in the earth, the major portion of the earth’s core being composed of it, was sent down from outer space, but also indicates that the origin of earth and other planets was associated with a star, in this case, the sun, where temperatures and energies are of a very high order and thus confirms the findings of science.
The above verse not only makes clear the origin of iron and accordingly the origin of the earth, but also throws light on its hardness and usefulness for mankind. One of these uses was demonstrated by Zulqarnain, as narrated in the following verses 93-98 of Surah Kahf, (Chapter 18):
93. حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ بَيْنَ السَّدَّيْنِ وَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمَا قَوْمًا لَّا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ قَوْلًا
Until when he (Zulqarnain) reached (a place) between two mountains he found on the other side of the (two mountains) a people who could hardly understand a word.
94. قَالُوا يَا ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِنَّ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ مُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَهَلْ نَجْعَلُ لَكَ خَرْجًا عَلَى أَن تَجْعَلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ سَدًّا
They said, “O Zulqarnain, Yajooj (Gog) and Majooj (Magog) are causing corruption in the earth. Then shall we pay you a tribute on (condition) that you make a barrier between us and them?
95. قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّي فِيهِ رَبِّي خَيْرٌ فَأَعِينُونِي بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا
He said, “That in which my Fosterer has established me is better, so help me with strength (workers), I will make between you and them a strong bank (or wall),
96. آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ حَتَّى إِذَا سَاوَى بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انفُخُوا حَتَّى إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا
Bring me blocks of iron”. Then at the point when he had levelled (the space) between the two mountain sides, he said, “Blow”, until when he made it (red hot) fire, he said, “Bring me molten copper which I may pour over it”.
97. فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا
Thus they all (communities of Yajooj & Majooj) were not able to climb it nor were they able to pierce it.
98. قَالَ هَذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّي فَإِذَا جَاء وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاء وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا
He said, “This is a mercy from my Fosterer but when the promise of my Fosterer comes to pass, He will make it crumble to pieces and the promise of my Fosterer is true”
When a metallurgist reads the above verses, the first thing that would strike him is the corrosion resistance property of copper. The assembled blocks of iron were in a heated or red hot state and could have possibly reacted with atmospheric oxygen to form iron oxide. When molten copper was poured over iron oxide the possibility of formation of copper ferrite cannot be ruled out. This material is ceramic and is acid resistant. The molten copper which covered the iron blocks by flowing over it must have also acted as a surface coating increasing the corrosion resistance property. Copper flowing into the interstices must have bound the blocks of assembled iron, by establishing metal continuity due to the mechanism called diffusion. Diffusion of copper in iron and iron in copper to some extent is possible and it increases the strength and hardness of the alloy so formed which is specially useful in resisting certain types of corrosion.
The Quran certifies these aspects in the following words:
Ø CORROSION RESISTANCE:
98. قَالَ هَذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّي فَإِذَا جَاء وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاء وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا
He (Zulqarnain) said, “This is a mercy from my Fosterer but when the promise of my Fosterer comes to pass, He will make it crumble to pieces and the promise of my Fosterer is true” (18:98)
Ø STRENGTH:
95. … أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا
I will make between you and them a strong bank (or wall), (18:95)
…وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ…
… and We sent down the Iron (Hadeed) in which is severe strength and other benefits for mankind…(57:25)
Ø HARDNESS:
97. فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا
Thus they all (communities of Yajooj & Majooj) were not able to climb it nor were they able to pierce it.(18:97)
The Quran has thus touched even the specialized field of metallurgy and provided guidance to us and thus proved that it is a guide for mankind in all fields till the end of the universe. Had we reflected (and acted upon) such scientific and technical subjects in the Quran earlier, we would have been in a position to guide mankind in those fields, in which, unfortunately, now the non muslims excel.
This article was published in Nov 1996 issue of The Young Muslim Digest, Bangalore, India